Analysis of Endangered Andalusian Black Cattle (Negra Andaluza) Reveals Genetic Reservoir for Bovine Black Trunk.

This comprehensive study on the Andalusian Black cattle breed reveals a substantial population decline, with the average herd size decreasing significantly from 305.54 to 88.28 animals per herd. This decline is primarily attributed to agricultural changes and the introduction of foreign meat-focused breeds. The male-to-female ratio shift is noteworthy, with more cows than bulls, impacting selection intensity for both genders. Inbreeding levels, though relatively low historically (5.94%) and currently (7.23%), raise concerns as 37.08% historically and 48.82% currently of the animals exhibit inbreeding. Positive assortative mating is evident, reflected by the increasing non-random mating coefficient (α). Key ancestors play a crucial role in shaping genetic diversity, with one ancestor significantly influencing the current genetic pool and the top 10 ancestors contributing substantially. Breed maintains a conservation index of 2.75, indicating relatively high genetic diversity. Recent conservation efforts have led to an increase in registered animals. The Cañadas Reales, historical transhumance routes, may have contributed to genetic connections among provinces. Challenges include the historical bottleneck, demographic changes, and potential impacts from reproductive practices. The Andalusian Black breed's conservation necessitates ongoing efforts in genealogical registration, targeted breeding programs, and collaborative initiatives to address the observed demographic shifts and ensure sustainable genetic diversity.

Discriminant canonical analysis as a tool for genotype traceability testing based on turkey meat and carcass traits.

The present study aims to develop a statistical tool for turkey breed traceability testing based on meat and carcass quality characteristics. To this end, a comprehensive meta-analysis was performed, collecting data from a total of 75 studies approaching meat and carcass attributes of 37 turkey strains and landraces since the late 1960s. A total of 22 meat and carcass traits were considered variables, grouped in the following clusters: carcass dressing traits, muscle fiber properties, pH, colorimetry, water-capacity traits, texture-related attributes, and nutritional composition of the meat. Once the multicollinearity analysis allowed the deletion of redundant variables, cold carcass weight, slaughter weight, muscle fiber diameter, sex-female, carcass/piece weight, meat redness, ashes, pH24, meat lightness, moisture, fat, and water-holding capacity showed explanatory properties in the discriminating analysis (p < 0.05). In addition, strong positive and negative correlations were found among those variables studied. Carcass traits were positively associated, particularly slaughter weight and cold carcass weight (+0.561). Among meat physical traits, pH showed positive correlations with drip loss (+0.490) and pH24 (+0.327), and water-holding capacity was positively associated with cholesterol (+0.434) and negatively associated with collagen (-0.398). According to nutritional traits, fat and ash showed a strong correlation (+0.595), and both were negatively associated with moisture (-0.375 and -0.498, respectively). Strong negative correlations were found as well between meat protein and fat (-0.460) and between collagen and cholesterol (-0.654). Finally, the Mahalanobis distance suggested a clustering pattern based on meat and carcass characteristics that report information about interbreeding and variety proximity. This study establishes a departure point in the development of a tool for breed traceability guaranteeing aimed at enhancing distinguished, local breed-based turkey meat.

Modeling Climate Change Effects on Genetic Diversity of an Endangered Horse Breed Using Canonical Correlations.

The historical increase in the occurrence of extreme weather events in Spain during the last thirty years makes it a perfect location for the evaluation of climate change. Modeling the effects of climate change on domestic animals' genetic diversity may help to anticipate challenging situations. However, animal populations' short life cycle and patent lack of historical information during extended periods of time drastically compromise the evaluation of climate change effects. Locally adapted breeds' gene pool is the base for their improved resilience and plasticity in response to climate change's extreme climatic conditions. The preservation of these domestic resources offers selection alternatives to breeders who seek such improved adaptability. The Spanish endangered autochthonous Hispano-Arabian horse breed is perfectly adapted to the conditions of the territory where it was created, developed, and widespread worldwide. The possibility to trace genetic diversity in the Hispano-Arabian breed back around seven decades and its global ubiquity make this breed an idoneous reference subject to act as a model for other international populations. Climate change's shaping effects on the genetic diversity of the Hispano-Arabian horse breed's historical population were monitored from 1950 to 2019 and evaluated. Wind speed, gust speed, or barometric pressure have greater repercussions than extreme temperatures on genetic diversity. Extreme climate conditions, rather than average modifications of climate, may push breeders/owners to implement effective strategies in the short to medium term, but the effect will be plausible in the long term due to breed sustainability and enhanced capacity of response to extreme climate events. When extreme climatic conditions occur, breeders opt for mating highly diverse unrelated individuals, avoiding the production of a large number of offspring. People in charge of domestic population conservation act as catalyzers of the regulatory changes occurring during breeds' climate change adaptive process and may identify genes conferring their animals with greater adaptability but still maintaining enhanced performance. This model assists in determining how owners of endangered domestic populations should plan their breeding strategies, seeking the obtention of animals more resilient and adapted to climate-extreme conditions. This efficient alternative is focused on the obtention of increased profitability from this population and in turn ensuring their sustainability.

In Vitro Anti-Toxoplasma Activity of Extracts Obtained from Tabebuia rosea and Tabebuia chrysantha: The Role of ß-Amyrin.

Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii that is highly prevalent worldwide. Although the infection is asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, it severely affects immunocompromised individuals, causing conditions such as encephalitis, myocarditis, or pneumonitis. The limited therapeutic efficacy of drugs currently used to treat toxoplasmosis has prompted the search for new therapeutic alternatives. The aim of this study was to determine the anti-Toxoplasma activity of extracts obtained from two species of the genus Tabebuia. Twenty-six extracts, 12 obtained from Tabebuia chrysantha and 14 from Tabebuia rosea, were evaluated by a colorimetric technique using the RH strain of T. gondii that expresses ß-galactosidase. Additionally, the activity of the promising extracts and their active compounds was evaluated by flow cytometry. ß-amyrin was isolated from the chloroform extract obtained from the leaves of T. rosea and displayed important anti-Toxoplasma activity. The results show that natural products are an important source of new molecules with considerable biological and/or pharmacological activity.

Evaluation of the effect of the addition of an olive oil-derived antioxidant (Pectoliv-80A) in the extender for cryopreservation of rooster sperm through the use of a discriminant statistical tool.

During the poultry sperm cryopreservation process, an excess of reactive oxygen species is generated resulting in oxidative stress which harms the quality of avian spermatozoa. To counteract this effect, the addition of exogenous antioxidants, such as Pectoliv-80A (a by-product of olive oil), to the cryopreservation diluent is interesting. For this purpose, 16 roosters belonging to the Utrerana avian breed were used. Six semen pools (from the 6 different replicates) were divided into 4 aliquots corresponding to different concentrations of Pectoliv-80A that were tested (0, 300, 400, and 500 µg/mL), and the cryopreservation process was carried out. To evaluate post-thawing semen quality, different parameters such as motility, membrane functionality, reactive oxygen species production, lipid peroxidation, and acrosome integrity were studied. A discriminant canonical analysis was used to determine both the differences between the Pectoliv-80A concentration groups and the discriminant power of the aforementioned parameter used for semen evaluation. Total motility and membrane functionality were reported to be the most discriminant variables for differentiating the different antioxidant enrichment groups and concluded that concentrations of 300 µg/mL showed the most desirable quality of post-thawing semen. The present study could lead to the optimization of both cryopreservation and quality evaluation techniques of the sperm of rooster species, that support the conservation program of endangered local breeds.

Integrated Discriminant Evaluation of Molecular Genetic Markers and Genetic Diversity Parameters of Endangered Balearic Dog Breeds.

The genetic diversity analysis of six dog breeds, including Ca de Bestiar (CB), Ca de Bou (CBOU), Podenco Ibicenco (PI), Ca Rater (CR), Ca Mè (CM), and Ca de Conills (CC), reveals insightful findings. CB showcases the highest mean number of alleles (6.17) and heterozygosity values, with significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) observed in five markers, indicating high intra-racial genetic diversity (average observed heterozygosity (Ho) = 0.754, expected heterozygosity (He) = 0.761). In contrast, CBOU presents the lowest mean number of alleles (5.05) and heterozygosity values, coupled with moderate polymorphic information content (PIC) values and a moderate level of intra-racial genetic diversity (average Ho = 0.313, He = 0.394). PI demonstrates moderate genetic diversity with an average of 5.75 alleles and highly informative PIC values, while CR displays robust genetic diversity with an average of 6.61 alleles and deviations from equilibrium, indicating potential risks of inbreeding (average Ho = 0.563, He = 0.658). CM exhibits moderate genetic diversity and deviations from equilibrium, similar to CBOU, with an average of 6.5 alleles and moderate PIC values (average Ho = 0.598, He = 0.676). Conversely, CC shows a wider range of allelic diversity and deviations from equilibrium (average Ho = 0.611, He = 0.706), suggesting a more diverse genetic background. Inter-racial analysis underscores distinct genetic differentiation between breeds, emphasizing the importance of informed breeding decisions and proactive genetic management strategies to preserve diversity, promote breed health, and ensure long-term sustainability across all breeds studied.

Models to predict bacteremia in the emergency department: a systematic review. / Modelos predictivos de bacteriemia en el servicio de urgencias: revisión sistemática.

OBJECTIVES: Blood cultures are ordered in emergency departments for 15% of patients with suspected infection. The diagnostic yield varies from 2% to 20%. Thirty-day mortality in patients with bacteremia is high, doubling or tripling the rate in patients with the same infection but without bacteremia. Thus, finding an effective model to predict bacteremia that is applicable in emergency departments is an important goal. Shapiro's model is the one traditionally used as a reference internationally. The aim of this systematic review was to compare the predictive power of bacteremia risk models published since 2008, when Shapiro's model first appeared. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We followed the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, searching in the following databases for articles published between January 2008 and May 31, 2023: PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Lilacs, Cochrane, Epistemonikos, Trip Medical Database, and ClinicalTrials.gov. No language restrictions were specified. The search terms were the following Medical Subject Headings: bacteremia/bacteraemia/blood stream infection, prediction model/clinical prediction rule/risk prediction model, emergencies/emergency/emergency department, and adults. Observational cohort studies analyzing diagnostic yield were included; case-control studies, narrative reviews, and other types of articles were excluded. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to score quality and risk of bias in the included studies. The results were compared descriptively, without meta-analysis. The protocol was included in the PROSPERO register (CRD42023426327). RESULTS: Twenty studies out of a total of 917 were found to meet the inclusion criteria. The included studies together analyzed 33 182 blood cultures, which detected 5074 cases of bacteremia (15.3%). Eleven studies were of high quality, 7 of moderate quality, and 2 of low quality. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of Shapiro's model varied from 0.71 to 0.83. Sensitivity was as high as 98%, and specificity ranged from 26% to 69%. Three models with high scores for quality were also supported by both internal and external validation studies: Lee's model (AUC, 0.81; sensitivity 68%; specificity, 81%), the 5MPB-Toledo model (AUC, 0.906 to 0.946), and the MPB-INFURG-SEMES model (AUC, 0.924; sensitivity, 97%; specificity, 76%. CONCLUSION: The 5MPB-Toledo and MPB-INFURG-SEMES are useful for assessing the true risk of bacteremia in patients attended in emergency departments.

OBJETIVO: La obtención de hemocultivos (HC) se realiza en el 15% de los pacientes atendidos con sospecha de infección en los servicios de urgencias (SU) con una rentabilidad diagnóstica variable (2-20%). La mortalidad a 30 días de estos pacientes con bacteriemia es elevada, doble o triple que el resto con el mismo proceso. Así, encontrar un modelo predictivo de bacteriemia eficaz y aplicable en los SU sería muy importante. Clásicamente, el modelo de Shapiro ha sido la referencia en todo el mundo. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática (RS) es comparar la capacidad para predecir bacteriemia en los SU de los distintos modelos predictivos publicados desde el año 2008 (fecha de publicación del modelo de Shapiro). METODO: Se realiza una RS siguiendo la normativa PRISMA en las bases de datos de PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Lilacs, Cochrane, Epistemonikos, Tripdatabase y ClinicalTrials.gov desde enero de 2008 hasta 31 mayo 2023 sin restricción de idiomas y utilizando una combinación de términos MESH: "Bacteremia/Bacteraemia/Blood Stream Infection", "Prediction Model/Clinical Prediction Rule/Risk Prediction Model", "Emergencies/Emergency/Emergency Department" y "Adults". Se incluyeron estudios de cohortes observacionales (analíticos de rendimiento diagnóstico). Para valorar la calidad del método empleado y el riesgo de sesgos de los artículos incluidos se utilizó la Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). No se incluyeron estudios de casos y controles, revisiones narrativas y en otros tipos de artículos. No se realizaron técnicas de metanálisis, pero los resultados se compararon narrativamente. El protocolo de la RS se registró en PROSPERO (CRD42023426327). RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 917 artículos y se analizaron finalmente 20 que cumplían los criterios de inclusión. Los estudios incluidos contienen 33.182 HC procesados con 5.074 bacteriemias (15,3%). Once estudios fueron calificados de calidad alta, 7 moderada y 2 baja. El ABC-COR conseguida por el modelo de Shapiro varía de 0,71 a 0,83, con sensibilidad (Se) hasta del 98%, con especificidad (Es) (26% a 69%). Para los tres modelos que tienen validación interna y externa y una buena calidad metodológica, el modelo de Lee consigue un ABC-COR de 0,81 con Se: 68% y Es: 81%, el modelo 5MPB-Toledo consigue un ABC-COR entre 0,91 y 0,95, y el MPB-INFURG-SEMES obtiene una ABC-COR de 0,92 con una Se: 97% y Es: 76%. CONCLUSIONES: Los modelos 5MPB-Toledo y MPB-INFURG-SEMES representan herramientas útiles para la estratificación del riesgo real de bacteriemia en los pacientes atendidos en los SU.

Prenatal Stress as a Risk Factor for Maternal-Foetal Morbidity: A Longitudinal Study.

Pregnancy is one of the most complex periods in a woman's life, not only because of the biological changes involved but also because of the psychological aspects. Stress during pregnancy refers to the concerns and distress that arise during pregnancy and that can be assessed by means of psychological and physiological scales. The aim of this study was to analyse prenatal stress and to evaluate its consequences on the health of both the mother and the foetus. A descriptive longitudinal study was carried out on a sample of 398 pregnant women being followed up during their entire pregnancy, who gave birth at the Punta de Europa University Hospital in Algeciras (Spain) between September 2021 and August 2023. The Prenatal Distress Questionnaire (PDQ) was used, as well as serum cortisol levels in each trimester of pregnancy and birth experience using the Childbirth Experience Questionnaire in its validated Spanish version, CEQ-E. Demographic and obstetric variables were included. One of the main findings was that experiencing more stress in late pregnancy had a negative impact on obstetric outcomes. Women who had higher levels of prenatal distress had higher blood cortisol levels and increased risk of having a caesarean section at delivery. A significant negative correlation was also found between stress and Apgar test values in the first minute of life. It is concluded that interventions promoted by the health system that provide comprehensive prenatal care contribute to decreased stress as perceived by these pregnant women, thus reducing the risk of maternal and foetal morbidity.

The Crucial Role of Breeder and Dog Owners Associations in Safeguarding Genetic Heritage of Endangered Balearic Dog Breeds: Gender Preference and Registry Adscription.

This study delves into the complex relationships between indigenous dog breeds in the Balearic Isles and their human counterparts, specifically breeders and owners. Using Canonical Correlation Analysis, the research examines variables such as breed registries and the number of breeders/owners, uncovering significant correlations within registries. For example, an increase in female auxiliary registrations corresponds to a decline in foundational registrations, indicating shifts in breed documentation dynamics. Similarly, a rise in definitive female registrations coincides with a decrease in foundational female registrations, suggesting increased pedigree awareness across generations. Beyond registries, the study explores the correlation between breeders/owners and various initial records, highlighting that a notable increase in breeders positively influences initial registrations, definitive totals, and overall counts, underscoring their crucial role in early breed stages. Gender preferences in registrations are noted, with a historical bias towards female entries during foundational stages gradually shifting in favor of males in definitive registrations. In conclusion, the research underscores the interconnected roles of breeders, owners, and comprehensive registries in preserving genetic diversity among Balearic dog breeds, emphasizing the need for ongoing efforts to address gaps in genealogical data for a more accurate understanding of breed dynamics.

Biofilm Formation by Escherichia coli Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections from Aguascalientes, Mexico.

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains are among the leading causes of urinary tract infections (UTIs) worldwide. They can colonize the urinary tract and form biofilms that allow bacteria to survive and persist, causing relapses of infections and life-threatening sequelae. Here, we analyzed biofilm production, antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence factors, and phylogenetic groups in 74 E. coli isolated from diagnosed patients with UTIs to describe their microbiological features and ascertain their relationship with biofilm capabilities. High levels of ceftazidime resistance are present in hospital-acquired UTIs. Isolates of multidrug resistance strains (p = 0.0017) and the yfcV gene (p = 0.0193) were higher in male patients. All the strains tested were able to form biofilms. Significant differences were found among higher optical densities (ODs) and antibiotic resistance to cefazolin (p = 0.0395), ceftazidime (p = 0.0302), and cefepime (p = 0.0420). Overall, the presence of fimH and papC coincided with strong biofilm formation by UPEC. Type 1 fimbriae (p = 0.0349), curli (p = 0.0477), and cellulose (p = 0.0253) production was significantly higher among strong biofilm formation. Our results indicated that high antibiotic resistance may be related to male infections as well as strong and moderate biofilm production. The ability of E. coli strains to produce biofilm is important for controlling urinary tract infections.

El deporte paralímpico en Chile: resultados históricos de las participaciones en los Juegos Paralímpicos de Invierno y Verano

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo relatar la evolución del movimiento paralímpico y su vínculo con el escenario político nacional e internacional. Los Juegos Paralímpicos de Verano hicieron su debut en 1960, mientras que Chile participó por primera vez en 1992. Por otro lado, los Juegos Paralímpicos de Invierno comenzaron en 1976, y la primera participación chilena en este evento se produjo en 2002. Para el desarrollo del estudio se utilizó un análisis documental, donde se analizaron las convocatorias oficiales de las delegaciones chilenas, junto con las planillas de resultados generales obtenidos en los Juegos Paralímpicos, se extrajo de los documentos: el número de atletas participantes de ambos sexos y deportes, información que posteriormente fue agrupada en presencia o no de medallas y tipo de medalla obtenida y, a partir de aquello, se analizó por tipo de discapacidad y año de participación. A través de los años, Chile vivenció constantes procesos y cambios en los periodos de gestión, a esto se suma la promulgación de leyes, tanto nacionales como internacionales, junto con la constante ayuda recibida de distintas agrupaciones privadas y gubernamentales, resultando en un paulatino incremento de deportistas paralímpicos, situación que colaboró en gran medida con el desarrollo integral del movimiento paralímpico chileno hasta lo que es en la actualidad; este crecimiento facilitó resultados exitosos, como el obtenido en el año 2012 con la conquista de la primera medalla paralímpica de Chile, llegando a un total de siete medallas distribuidas en cuatro deportes en los Juegos Paralímpicos Tokio 2020, quedando situado en el ranking paralímpico en la cuadragésima quinta posición.

The aim of this paper was to describe the evolution of the Paralympic movement and its connection with the national and international political scenario. The Summer Paralympic Games made their debut in 1960, while Chile first participated in 1992. On the other hand, the Winter Paralympic Games began in 1976, and Chile's first participation in this event occurred in 2002. A documentary analysis was conducted for the study, in which the official documents of the Chilean delegations were analyzed, along with the overall results obtained in the Paralympic Games. The documents provided information on the number of participating athletes of both genders, results and sports. This information was later grouped based on the presence or absence of medals and the type of medal obtained. It was further analyzed by type of disability and year of participation. Over the years, Chile experienced constant processes and changes in management, in addition to the enactment of laws, both national and international. The constant support received from various private and governmental organizations contributed to the gradual increase in paralympic athletes, which greatly facilitated the overall development of the Chilean Paralympic movement to its current state. This growth led to successful outcomes, such as Chile's 1st Paralympic medal in 2012, and the country has now achieved a total of 7 medals in 4 disciplines in Paralympic Games Tokyo 2020, placing it in the 45th position in paralympic medal board.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar a evolução do movimento paralímpico e sua relação com o cenário político nacional e internacional. Os Jogos Paralímpicos de Verão fizeram sua estreia em 1960, enquanto o Chile participou pela primeira vez em 1992. Por outro lado, os Jogos Paralímpicos de Inverno começaram em 1976, e a primeira participação chilena neste evento ocorreu em 2002. O estudo foi realizado através de análise documental, de onde foram extraídas informações sobre as delegações chilenas, juntamente com as planilhas de resultados gerais obtidos dos Jogos Paralímpicos. As variáveis registradas foram número de atletas participantes de ambos os sexos, modalidades e esportes. As informações posteriormente foram agrupadas em quantidade de medalhas e tipo da medalha obtida, sendo analisadas por tipo de deficiência e ano de participação. Ao longo dos anos, o Chile experimentou constantes processos e mudanças nos períodos de gestão, como a promulgação de leis, tanto nacionais como internacionais, juntamente com a ajuda constante recebida de diferentes grupos privados e governamentais, resultando em aumento de atletas paralímpicos, situação que contribuiu com o desenvolvimento integral do movimento paralímpico chileno. Este crescimento facilitou resultados exitosos, como o obtido em 2012 com a conquista da primeira medalha paralímpica do Chile, alcançando hoje um total de 7 medalhas distribuídas em 4 disciplinas em Tóquio 2022, colocando-se na quadragésima quinta posição do quadro de medalhas.

Maltrato a estudiantes de medicina del Paraguay en 2022: encuesta multicéntrica

Introducción: los estudiantes de medicina son propensos a recibir maltratos de sus colegas, personal administrativo y pacientes. Objetivo: determinar las características del maltrato a estudiantes de medicina del Paraguay en 2022. Metodología: se aplicó un diseño observacional, de corte transversal. Se incluyó a estudiantes de medicina, de ambos sexos, que aceptaban participar de la encuesta telemática. El muestreo fue por conveniencia. Se midieron variables demográficas. La percepción del maltrato fue evaluada según cuatro componentes (psicológico, físico, académico y sexual) utilizando el cuestionario de Munayco-Guillén F et al, previamente validado. El estudio contó con la aprobación del Comité de ética de la Universidad Privada del Este, Paraguay. Resultados: el cuestionario fue contestado por 214 estudiantes, siendo 146 mujeres (edad media 24 ± 3 años) y 68 varones (edad media 25 ± 5 años). La mayoría reside en Asunción (29,4%) y asiste a universidades privadas (92%). La media ± DE del maltrato psicológico fue 1,89 ± 1,02, la del físico fue 1,64 ± 0,89, la del académico fue 2,01 ± 1,11 y la del sexual fue 1,4 ± 0,83. Aplicando puntos de corte en los percentiles 60 y 70, el maltrato fue leve en 126 estudiantes (58,9%), moderado en 24 (11,2%) y grave en 64 (29,9%). El motivo principal para no denunciarlo fue el miedo a ser señalado por los demás o recibir represalias (17,3%). Discusión: se detectó maltrato leve en 58,9%, moderado en 11,2% y grave en 29,9% de los estudiantes de medicina. Se requiere aplicar medidas de prevención y contención de los maltratos.

Introduction: medical students are prone to mistreatment from their colleagues, administrative staff, and patients. Objective: to determine the characteristics of the mistreatment of medical students in Paraguay in 2022. Method: an observational, cross-sectional design was applied. Medical students of both sexes who agreed to participate in the online survey were included. Sampling was for convenience. Demographic variables were measured. The perception of abuse was evaluated according to four components (psychological, physical, academic, and sexual) using the previously validated questionnaire by Munayco-Guillén F et al. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Universidad Privada del Este, Paraguay. Results: the questionnaire was answered by 214 students, 146 being women (mean age 24 ± 3 years) and 68 men (mean age 25 ± 5 years). The majority reside in Asunción (29.4%) and attend private universities (92%). The mean ± SD of psychological abuse was 1.89 ± 1.02, physical abuse was 1.64 ± 0.89, academic abuse was 2.01 ± 1.11, and sexual abuse was 1.4 ± 0. 83. Applying cut-off points at the 60th and 70th percentiles, the abuse was mild in 126 students (58.9%), moderate in 24 (11.2%), and severe in 64 (29.9%). The main reason for not reporting it was fear of being singled out by others or receiving reprisals (17.3%). Discussion: mild abuse was detected in 58.9%, moderate in 11.2%, and severe in 29.9% of medical students. It is necessary to apply measures to prevent and contain abuse.

Exploring the Spectrum of RHOBTB2 Variants Associated with Developmental Encephalopathy 64: A Case Series and Literature Review.

Background: Rho-related BTB domain-containing protein 2 (RHOBTB2) is a protein that interacts with cullin-3, a crucial E3 ubiquitin ligase for mitotic cell division. RHOBTB2 has been linked to early infantile epileptic encephalopathy, autosomal dominant type 64 (OMIM618004), in 34 reported patients. Methods: We present a case series of seven patients with RHOBTB2-related disorders (RHOBTB2-RD), including a description of a novel heterozygous variant. We also reviewed previously published cases of RHOBTB2-RD. Results: The seven patients had ages ranging from 2 years and 8 months to 26 years, and all had experienced seizures before the age of one (onset, 4-12 months, median, 4 months), including various types of seizures. All patients in this cohort also had a movement disorder (onset, 0.3-14 years, median, 1.5 years). Six of seven had a baseline movement disorder, and one of seven only had paroxysmal dystonia. Stereotypies were noted in four of six, choreodystonia in three of six, and ataxia in one case with multiple movement phenotypes at baseline. Paroxysmal movement disorders were observed in six of seven patients for whom carbamazepine or oxcarbazepine treatment was effective in controlling acute or paroxysmal movement disorders. Four patients had acute encephalopathic episodes at ages 4 (one patient) and 6 (three patients), which improved following treatment with methylprednisolone. Magnetic resonance imaging scans revealed transient fluid-attenuated inversion recovery abnormalities during these episodes, as well as myelination delay, thin corpus callosum, and brain atrophy. One patient had a novel RHOBTB2 variant (c.359G>A/p.Gly120Glu). Conclusion: RHOBTB2-RD is characterized by developmental delay or intellectual disability, early-onset seizures, baseline movement disorders, acute or paroxysmal motor phenomena, acquired microcephaly, and episodes of acute encephalopathy. Early onsets of focal dystonia, acute encephalopathic episodes, episodes of tongue protrusion, or peripheral vasomotor disturbances are important diagnostic clues. Treatment with carbamazepine or oxcarbazepine was found to be effective in controlling acute or paroxysmal movement disorders. Our study highlights the clinical features and treatment response of RHOBTB2-RD.

A Quality Assurance Discrimination Tool for the Evaluation of Satellite Laboratory Practice Excellence in the Context of the European Official Meat Inspection for Trichinella spp.

Trichinellosis is a parasitic foodborne zoonotic disease transmitted by ingestion of raw or undercooked meat containing the first larval stage (L1) of the nematode. To ensure the quality and safety of food intended for human consumption, meat inspection for detection of Trichinella spp. larvae is a mandatory procedure according to EU regulations. The implementation of quality assurance practices in laboratories that are responsible for Trichinella spp. detection is essential given that the detection of this parasite is still a pivotal threat to public health, and it is included in list A of Annex I, Directive 2003/99/EC, which determines the agents to be monitored on a mandatory basis. A Quality Management System (QMS) was applied to slaughterhouses and game handling establishments conducting Trichinella spp. testing without official accreditation but under the supervision of the relevant authority. This study aims to retrospectively analyze the outcomes of implementing the QMS in slaughterhouses and game handling establishments involved in Trichinella testing in southern Spain. Canonical discriminant analyses (CDAs) were performed to design a tool enabling the classification of SLs while determining whether linear combinations of measures of quality-assurance-related traits describe within- and between-SL clustering patterns. The participation of two or more auditors improves the homogeneity of the results deriving from audits. However, when training expertise ensures that such levels of inter-/intralaboratory homogeneity are reached, auditors can perform single audits and act as potential trainers for other auditors. Additionally, technical procedure issues were the primary risk factors identified during audits, which suggests that they should be considered a critical control point within the QMS.

Study of Meat and Carcass Quality-Related Traits in Turkey Populations through Discriminant Canonical Analysis.

The present research aimed to determine the main differences in meat and carcass quality traits among turkey genotypes worldwide and describe the clustering patterns through the use of a discriminant canonical analysis (DCA). To achieve this goal, a comprehensive meta-analysis of 75 documents discussing carcass and meat characteristics in the turkey species was performed. Meat and carcass attributes of nine different turkey populations were collected and grouped in terms of the following clusters: carcass dressing traits, muscle fiber properties, pH, color-related traits, water-retaining characteristics, texture-related traits, and meat chemical composition. The Bayesian ANOVA analysis reported that the majority of variables statistically differed (p < 0.05), and the multicollinearity analysis revealed the absence of redundancy problems among variables (VIF < 5). The DCA reported that cold carcass weight, slaughter weight, sex-male, carcass/piece weight, and the protein and fat composition of meat were the traits explaining variability among different turkey genotypes (Wilks' lambda: 0.488, 0.590, 0.905, 0.906, 0.937, and 0.944, respectively). The combination of traits in the first three dimensions explained 94.93% variability among groups. Mahalanobis distances cladogram-grouped populations following a cluster pattern and suggest its applicability as indicative of a turkey genotype's traceability.

Case Report of Complex Chest Wall Repair for Sternal Dehiscence After Bilateral Lung Transplantation.

BACKGROUND: We report a case of a complex chest wall reconstruction because of sternal dehiscence, requiring different surgical procedures for its complete resolution. CASE REPORT: A 54-year-old man patient with Langerhans cell histiocytosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease underwent bilateral sequential lung transplantation through a clamshell incision, using nitinol thermo-reactive clips for sternal closure. One year later, he consulted because of chest pain, fever, and purulent secretions. Physical examination and chest X-ray revealed a right pulmonary hernia due to post-clamshell wound dehiscence. Chest wall repair was performed, placing an expanded-polytetrafluoroethylene synthetic mesh, and the sternum was realigned and fixated with titanium plates and screws. However, in the immediate postoperative period, there was a large amount of serous drainage through the surgical wound, needing negative pressure therapy. Unfortunately, the wound became necrotic with exposure to the osteosynthesis material. In addition, a chest computed tomography scan showed fluid accumulation in the anterior chest wall. Therefore, two-stage revision surgery was indicated: first, the removal of the previous prosthesis and, the definite one, the use of a pedicled latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap to provide effective coverage of the wound. CONCLUSION: Sternal dehiscence is not an uncommon complication after clamshell incision in patients undergoing bilateral sequential lung transplantation, and it is associated with significant morbidity. In the presence of chest wall instability, surgical repair is mandatory.

Discriminant Analysis and Data Mining CHAID Decision Tree as Tools to Evaluate the Buffering Effect of Hydroxytyrosol on Reactive Oxygen Species in Rooster Sperm Cryopreservation.

Sperm cryopreservation is effective in safeguarding genetic biodiversity in avian species. However, during this process, spermatozoa are very susceptible to plasma membrane peroxidation in the presence of high concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS). To mitigate this effect, the addition of exogenous antioxidants, such as hydroxytyrosol (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol; HT), an antioxidant derived from olive oil, to the cryopreservation sperm diluent, could be useful. To verify this, a cryopreservation diluent was supplemented with different concentrations (0 µg/mL, 50 µg/mL, 100 µg/mL, and 150 µg/mL) of HT. For this, semen was collected in 10 replicates from 16 roosters of the Utrerana avian breed, and a pool was prepared with the optimum quality ejaculates in each replicate. After cryopreservation, spermatozoa were thawed and different in vitro semen quality parameters were evaluated. A discriminant canonical analysis (DCA) was carried out and revealed that total motility (TM; Lambda = 0.301, F = 26,173), hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST; Lambda = 0.338, F = 22,065), and amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH, Lambda = 0.442; F = 14,180) were the variables with the highest discriminant power. Finally, a chi-squared automatic interaction detection (CHAID) decision tree (DT) was performed excluding fresh semen samples and ROS was found to be the most valuable variable to discriminate between the different established freezing groups. Samples in the absence of HT or with low concentrations of this antioxidant showed less desirable ROS values in cryopreserved rooster semen. The present study could lead to the improvement of cryopreservation techniques for the genetic material of local poultry breeds and optimize the conservation programs of endangered native avian breeds.

Influence of Donor Type-Donation After Brain Death Versus Donation After Circulatory Death-on Lung Transplant Outcomes.

BACKGROUND: We sought to analyze the influence of lung donor type (brain death [BD] vs controlled donation after cardiac death [DCD]) on lung graft viability and to compare short-term outcomes of lung transplantation using grafts from BD and DCD donors. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of the lung donor population and lung transplants performed at our Institution between January 2020 and December 2022. Demographic characteristics of the donors and donation type (BD vs DCD) were assessed. Lung graft viability rate and post-transplant outcomes were analyzed and compared between donor types. RESULTS: There were 203 donors; among them, 149 (73%) were viable. There were 176 BD donors (87%) and 27 DCD donors (13%), with viability rates of 75% and 59%, respectively, performing 81 single (40%) and 122 double-lung transplants (60%). Recipient PaO2/fraction of inspired oxygen and primary graft dysfunction at 24 and 72 hours did not differ between donor types. Thirty-day mortality did not differ between recipients from BD donors and recipients from DCD donors: n = 28 (21%) vs n = 3 (18%), respectively (P = .81). CONCLUSIONS: Donation after cardiac death donors is a safe source to increase the donor pool for lung transplantation, allowing similar short-term outcomes as lung transplants from BD donors regarding graft function and early survival.